Kernel Parameter Settings for Solaris

For Solaris, use the ipcs command to obtain a list of the system's current shared memory and semaphore segments, and their identification number and owner.Use a text editor such as vi to change the kernel parameter settings in the /etc/system file after making a backup copy. If you have previously changed your kernel for another program to levels equal to or higher than the levels Oracle9i requires, then do not change the settings. If the levels are too low, change them to levels at least as high as those in the table. If you change the settings, save the /etc/system file and restart the system.

The parameters in the following table are the minimum values to run Oracle9i with a single database instance on Solaris.

1-) Open "/etc/system" file by using a preferrable text editor utility for yourself.

2-) Insert the following rows at the bottom of "/etc/system" file:

CAUTION : These values are for a computer with 512 MB. RAM. You need to change these values according to your computer's physical RAM. While you create a database select 5 as "maximum concurrent connection". Otherwise you will recevive an "Oracle not available" or "not connected to Oracle" error. You will need a good luck... :)))

         set shmsys:shminfo_shmmax=4192000000

         set shmsys:shminfo_shmmin=128000000

         set shmsys:shminfo_shmmni=200

         set shmsys:shminfo_shmseg=20

         set semsys:seminfo_semmni=200

         set semsys:seminfo_semmsl=200

         set semsys:seminfo_semmns=200

         set semsys:seminfo_semopm=200

         set semsys:seminfo_semvmx=32768

Click here for a sample of "/etc/system" file.

These settings are for your Operating Environment's Kernel. Oracle Database needs you to make these modifications to run properly. You may need to edit these values according to your computer's RAM. Please refer to your "System Manufacturer's Assistance" and documentation.

3-) Reboot your system to activate the new kernel parameters. When your computer is restarted, you can check the amount of "Maximum Shared Memory" and "Minimum Shared Memory" by the command;

         sysdef

This will give the important values about your system. You can see the "Shared Memory Area" section at the bottom of the listing.

4-) Open a terminal window as root. Type

         admintool

and press ENTER to run administration tool.

You need at least one user and two groups to install and run Oracle Database. First let's create the UNIX groups, then let's create a UNIX user account by using admintool. Make following step by step:

• Create a group named "oinstall"

• Create a group named "dba"

• Create a UNIX user and use these settings (This user will called Oracle User in this document and used "oracle" as a sample):

If you want to use command line type the following:

#groupadd dba

#groupadd oinstall

#useradd -g dba -G oinstall -d /export/home/oracle -m -s /bin/sh oracle

#passwd oracle

5-) Create a directory named "/opt/oracle" in the root directory (or where you want) to become the base and others for Oracle Database as follows

         mkdir -p /opt/oracle/product/8.1.7

         mkdir -p /opt/oracle/oraInventory

Now you need to grant this directory for user "oracle" to install and manage Oracle database. Make the user "oracle" owner of this directory as follows;

         chown -R oracle:dba /opt/oracle

"Oracle Universal Installer" will make other sub-directories automatically in this base directory except where the database files ("oradata" directory) would reside. Installer will ask you this diectory's location.

Now create another "oracle" directory in the "/var/opt" for your database's startup options file (called "oratab") and make the user "oracle" of this directory, too, as follows:

         mkdir /var/opt/oracle

         chown -R oracle:dba /var/opt/oracle

6-) You need to login as "Oracle User" to the system. So, logout and login as user "oracle" to system again.

1-) You, logged as Oracle User named "oracle", need to make some modifications to your environment variables to run "Oracle Universal Installer" for installing and managing Oracle Database.

If you choose "/export/home/oracle" directory as home and Bourne Shell as login shell while creating user "oracle", you have a hidden file named ".profile" in "/export/home/oracle" directory. Open this file and replace the PATH string by following:

PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/openwin/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/ccs/bin:/sbin:/opt/oracle/product/8.1.7/bin:

PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/bin:/opt/oracle/admin/bin:.

Go to the bottom of the "export PATH" string and insert these rows below:

ADMIN_HOME=/opt/oracle/admin

DISPLAY=localhost:0.0

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib:/usr/openwin/lib:/opt/oracle/product/8.1.7/lib:

LOCAL_HOME=/usr/local

MSGVERB=text:action

NOMSGLABEL=1

NOMSGSEVERITY=1

ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle

ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/8.1.7

NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.WE8ISO8859P1           #for English

#NLS_LANG=TURKISH_TURKEY.WE8ISO8859P9            #for Turkish

ORA_NLS33=$ORACLE_HOME/ocommon/nls/admin/data

ORACLE_SID=orcl       #You may replace "orcl" with your own SID Name you wish to use

export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID ADMIN_HOME LOCAL_HOME

export MSGVERB NOMSGLABEL NOMSGSEVERITY NLS_LANG ORA_NLS33 DISPLAY LD_LIBRARY_PATH

Click here for a sample ".profile" file.

2-) After modification of this file, save it and relogin as the user "oracle".

PERFORM INSTALLATION

Make sure that your environment variables set correctly by entering following command:

         set

Now, your system is ready to install Oracle 8.1.7. To install Oracle change default directory to where your oracle files reside. For example, if your installation files are at "/export/home/oracle/ora817", type the following command:

         cd /export/home/oracle/ora817

and run Installer program by the command:

         runInstaller

Then, "Oracle Universal Installer" will begin. Follow instructions in your screen and complete installation of Oracle 8.1.7 software.

When the Oracle Software installation completed, "Oracle Universal Installer" will attempt to run "Net8 Configuration Assistant" and "Database Configuration Assistant". Specify your options for database which you want to create in "Database Configuration Assistant". If you receive an error like "not connected to Oracle" or "Oracle not available", have an aspirin tablet. :))) At this time, you need to take a look at the kernel parameters you entered in the "/etc/system" file. Increase the "shmmax - shmmin and shmmni" values. (Refer to "Sunsolve Web Site" and make a search by the words "Shared Memory". to see What these parameters are and make your changes according to this reference.) Restart your computer and try again creating a database .

When you completed database creation, close "Oracle Universal Installer" program and in a terminal window, to start Oracle LISTENER, type

         lsnrctl start

If listener started, You will see a message similar this:

LSNRCTL for Intel SVR4 UNIX: Version 8.1.7.0.0 - Production on 23-JUN-2002 04:02:46

Security OFF

SNMP OFF

Services Summary...

PLSExtProc has 1 service handler(s)

orcl has 1 service handler(s)

The command completed successfully

If you see something like following, the listener already started:

LSNRCTL for Intel SVR4 UNIX: Version 8.1.7.0.0 - Production on 24-JUN-2002 05:02:46

(c) Copyright 1998 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.

TNS-01106: Listener using listener name LISTENER has already been started

If everything is OK, you may start the database by the command;

         dbstart

This command's result must be similar this;

Oracle Server Manager Release 3.1.7.0.0 - Production

…

Database "orcl" warm started.

Ok. Database creation is complete. Let's make our database to start automatically by the system, now.

POST-INSTALLATION

Before you start the database, you need to edit "oratab" file by using your preferred text editor. You will see the following row at the bottom of the page:

         orcl:/opt/oracle/product/8.1.7:N

To start Oracle Database by using "dbstart", you must change this row as

         orcl:/opt/oracle/product/8.1.7:Y

Click here for a sample "oratab" file.

When you made this change, you also have to edit the two files. These are "dbstart" and "dbshut" files in the "$ORACLE_HOME/bin" directory. In this tutorial, $ORACLE_HOME refers to "/opt/oracle/product/8.1.7". Open these files by an editor and find the row at the top of pages

         ORATAB=/etc/oratab

and change it as follows;

         ORATAB=/var/opt/oracle/oratab

3-) In your text editor, open a new blank page and type the following rows:

#!/sbin/sh

ORAHOME=/opt/oracle/product/8.1.7

ORAOWNER=oracle

if [ ! -f $ORAHOME/bin/dbstart ] ;

then

         echo "ERROR: Cannot start Oracle Database Server"

fi

case "" in

         start)

                  echo "Starting Oracle Database... \c"

                  su - $ORAOWNER -c "$ORAHOME/bin/lsnrctl start" > /dev/null

                  su - $ORAOWNER -c $ORAHOME/bin/dbstart > /dev/null

                  echo "Done."

         ;;

         stop)

                  echo "Stopping Oracle Database... \c"

                  su - $ORAOWNER -c $ORAHOME/bin/dbshut > /dev/null

                  su - $ORAOWNER -c "$ORAHOME/bin/lsnrctl stop" > /dev/null

                  echo "Done."

         ;;

         *)

                  echo "You must tell what you want me to do."

                  echo "Usage : ./dbora [start | stop ]"

                  echo "        start    - Start Oracle Database immediately"

                  echo "        stop     - Stop Oracle Database immediately"

         ;;

esac

exit

Click here for a sample "dbora" file.

Save this file to "/etc/init.d" directory as "dbora". This file will be used to start up and shut down database automatically by the system. Now, type the following commands in a terminal window as root:

         chmod 744 /etc/init.d/dbora

         chown root:sys /etc/init.d/dbora

         ln /etc/init.d/dbora /etc/rc0.d/K10dbora

         ln /etc/init.d/dbora /etc/rc1.d/K10dbora

         ln /etc/init.d/dbora /etc/rc2.d/S90dbora